Sarah Bakewell

Siamo a cavallo tra il 1932 e il 1933. Al Bec-de-Graz, un caffè di Parigi la cui specialità sono i cocktail all’albicocca, si incontrano tre giovani amici: Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir e il loro compagno di scuola Raymond Aron. È lui a introdurre Sartre e la de Beauvoir alla fenomenologia, una nuova corrente di pensiero così radicale che, dice indicando i bicchieri, «Se sei un fenomenologo puoi parlare di questo cocktail ed è filosofia!». Questa stringata argomentazione dà a Sartre l’ispirazione di cui era in cerca da anni, e gli offre lo spunto per creare la propria filosofia basata sull’esperienza della vita reale, sull’amore e il desiderio, sulla libertà e l’essere, sui caffè e i camerieri, sull’amicizia e il fervore rivoluzionario. Sono idee che ammalieranno Parigi, avranno rapida diffusione in tutto il mondo e lasceranno un marchio indelebile sulla cultura giovanile degli anni Sessanta, dai movimenti per i diritti civili a quelli studenteschi fino alle rivendicazioni del femminismo. Sarah Bakewell, grazie a uno stile che con la stessa elegante disinvoltura affronta concetti metafisici e aneddotica, dilemmi morali e faide ideologiche, racconta la storia dell’esistenzialismo moderno come un sorprendente e felice incontro di idee, menti e persone. Al caffè degli esistenzialisti è un viaggio originale in una delle filosofie più affascinanti del XX secolo, abitata da personaggi che hanno impresso una traccia indelebile nella storia del pensiero contemporaneo, da Sartre e la de Beauvoir, “il re e la regina dell’esistenzialismo”, fino ai loro amici e fieri avversari come Camus, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty e Lévinas. Attraverso l’intreccio di biografia e pensiero, Bakewell ci conduce al cuore di una filosofia talmente influente da aver cambiato letteralmente il corso di numerose vite e che è riuscita ad affrontare la più grande di tutte le questioni: chi siamo e come dovremmo vivere?

Paris, near the turn of 1933. Three young friends meet over apricot cocktails at the Bec-de-Gaz bar on the rue Montparnasse. They are Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir and their friend Raymond Aron, who opens their eyes to a radical new way of thinking. Pointing to his drink, he says, 'You can make philosophy out of this cocktail!' From this moment of inspiration, Sartre will create his own extraordinary philosophy of real, experienced life–of love and desire, of freedom and being, of cafés and waiters, of friendships and revolutionary fervour. It is a philosophy that will enthral Paris and sweep through the world, leaving its mark on post-war liberation movements, from the student uprisings of 1968 to civil rights pioneers. At the Existentialist Café tells the story of modern existentialism as one of passionate encounters between people, minds and ideas. From the ‘king and queen of existentialism'–Sartre and de Beauvoir–to their wider circle of friends and adversaries including Albert Camus, Martin Heidegger, Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Iris Murdoch, this book is an enjoyable and original journey through a captivating intellectual movement. Weaving biography and thought, Sarah Bakewell takes us to the heart of a philosophy about life that also changed lives, and that tackled the biggest questions of all: what we are and how we are to live.

Paris, near the turn of 1932-3. Three young friends meet over apricot cocktails at the Bec-de-Gaz bar on the rue Montparnasse. They are Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir and their friend Raymond Aron, who opens their eyes to a radical new way of thinking… ‘It’s not often that you miss your bus stop because you’re so engrossed in reading a book about existentialism, but I did exactly that... The story of Sartre, Beauvoir, Camus, Heidegger et al is strange, fun and compelling reading. If it doesn’t win awards, I will eat my copy’ Independent on Sunday ‘Quirky, funny, clear and passionate… Few writers are as good as Bakewell at explaining complicated ideas in a way that makes them easy to understand’ Mail on Sunday ‘Bakewell shows how fascinating were some of the existentialists’ ideas and how fascinating, often frightful, were their lives. Vivid, humorous anecdotes are interwoven with a lucid and unpatronising exposition of their complex philosophy… Tender, incisive and fair’ Daily Telegraph

From the best-selling author of How to Live, a spirited account of one of the twentieth century’s major intellectual movements and the revolutionary thinkers who came to shape it Paris, 1933: three contemporaries meet over apricot cocktails at the Bec-de-Gaz bar on the rue Montparnasse. They are the young Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, and longtime friend Raymond Aron, a fellow philosopher who raves to them about a new conceptual framework from Berlin called Phenomenology. “You see,” he says, “if you are a phenomenologist you can talk about this cocktail and make philosophy out of it!” It was this simple phrase that would ignite a movement, inspiring Sartre to integrate Phenomenology into his own French, humanistic sensibility, thereby creating an entirely new philosophical approach inspired by themes of radical freedom, authentic being, and political activism. This movement would sweep through the jazz clubs and cafés of the Left Bank before making its way across the world as Existentialism. Featuring not only philosophers, but also playwrights, anthropologists, convicts, and revolutionaries, At the Existentialist Café follows the existentialists’ story, from the first rebellious spark through the Second World War, to its role in postwar liberation movements such as anticolonialism, feminism, and gay rights. Interweaving biography and philosophy, it is the epic account of passionate encounters—fights, love affairs, mentorships, rebellions, and long partnerships—and a vital investigation into what the existentialists have to offer us today, at a moment when we are once again confronting the major questions of freedom, global responsibility, and human authenticity in a fractious and technology-driven world.

Wie macht man Philosophie aus Aprikosencocktails? Für Sartre kein Problem: Er machte Philosophie aus einem Schwindelgefühl, aus Voyeurismus, Scham, Sadismus, Revolution, Musik und Sex. Sarah Bakewell erzählt mit wunderbarer Leichtigkeit, wie der Existenzialismus zum Lebensgefühl einer Generation wurde, die sich nach radikaler Freiheit und authentischer Existenz sehnte.Paris 1932, im Café Bec-de-Gaz sagt Raymond Aron zu seinem Freund Sartre: "Siehst du, mon petit camarade, wenn du Phänomenologe bist, kannst du über diesen Cocktail sprechen, und das ist dann Philosophie!" Der einfache Satz war die Geburtsstunde einer neuen Bewegung, die sich in Jazz-Clubs und Cafés verbreitete. Sie inspirierte Musiker und Schriftsteller, erregte Abscheu im Bürgertum und befruchtete Feminismus, Antikolonialismus und 68er-Revolte. Sarah Bakewell erzählt in diesem Buch erstmals die Geschichte der Existenzialisten. Im Mittelpunkt stehen die Antipoden Heidegger und Sartre, der eine in seiner Hütte im Schwarzwald dem Sein nachsinnend, der andere in Pariser Cafés wie besessen schreibend. Aber es geht auch um Edmund Husserl und Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Simone de Beauvoir, Albert Camus, Iris Murdoch und viele andere. Am Ende sterben die Protagonisten und verlassen das Café. Doch Sarah Bakewells meisterhafte Kollektivbiographie lässt sie wieder lebendig werden und uns teilhaben an ihren Gesprächen über das Sein, die Freiheit und Aprikosencocktails. Santé!

How to get on well with people, how to deal with violence, how to adjust to losing someone you love--such questions arise in most people's lives. They are all versions of a bigger question: how do you live? How do you do the good or honourable thing, while flourishing and feeling happy? This question obsessed Renaissance writers, none more than Michel Eyquem de Montaigne (1533-92), perhaps the first truly modern individual. A nobleman, public official, and wine-grower, he wrote free-roaming explorations of his thought and experience, unlike anything written before. He called them 'essays', meaning 'attempts' or 'tries'. Into them he put whatever was in his head: his tastes in wine and food, his childhood memories, the way his dog's ears twitched when dreaming, as well as the appalling events of the religious civil wars raging around him. The Essays was an instant bestseller, and more than four hundred years later, Montaigne's honesty and charm still draw people to him. Readers come to him in search of companionship, wisdom and entertainment--and in search of themselves. This book, a spirited and singular biography (and the first full life of Montaigne in English for nearly fifty years), relates the story of his life by way of the questions he posed and the answers he explored. It traces his bizarre upbringing (made to speak only Latin), youthful career and sexual adventures, travels, and friendships with the scholar and poet Etienne de La Boétie and with his adopted 'daughter', Marie de Gournay. And as we read, we also meet his readers--who for centuries have found in Montaigne an inexhaustible source of answers to the haunting question, 'how to live?'

The bestselling author of How to Live and At the Existentialist Café explores seven hundred years of writers, thinkers, scientists, and artists, all trying to understand what it means to be truly human Humanism is an expansive tradition of thought that places shared humanity, cultural vibrancy, and moral responsibility at the center of our lives. The humanistic worldview--as clear-eyed and enlightening as it is kaleidoscopic and richly ambiguous--has inspired people for centuries to make their choices by principles of freethinking, intellectual inquiry, fellow feeling, and optimism. In this sweeping new history, Sarah Bakewell, herself a lifelong humanist, illuminates the very personal, individual, and, well, human matter of humanism and takes readers on a grand intellectual adventure. Voyaging from the literary enthusiasts of the fourteenth century to the secular campaigners of our own time, from Erasmus to Esperanto, from anatomists to agnostics, from Christine de Pizan to Bertrand Russell, and from Voltaire to Zora Neale Hurston, Bakewell brings together extraordinary humanists across history. She explores their immense variety: some sought to promote scientific and rationalist ideas, others put more emphasis on moral living, and still others were concerned with the cultural and literary studies known as "the humanities." Humanly Possible asks not only what brings all these aspects of humanism together but why it has such enduring power, despite opposition from fanatics, mystics, and tyrants. A singular examination of this vital tradition as well as a dazzling contribution to its literature, this is an intoxicating, joyful celebration of the human spirit from one of our most beloved writers. And at a moment when we are all too conscious of the world's divisions, Humanly Possible--brimming with ideas, experiments in living, and respect for the deepest ethical values--serves as a recentering, a call to care for one another, and a reminder that we are all, together, only human.

Cos'è l'umanesimo? Siamo abituati a collegare questa parola al movimento intellettuale che portò, nell'Italia del Trecento, alla riscoperta e allo studio dei testi classici. Ma l'umanesimo è molto di più: ha radici più antiche - che affondano nella cultura greca, indiana, cinese - e implicazioni più vaste. È una fiorente tradizione di pensiero che si rinnova da ben più di settecento anni, e mette al centro della nostra esperienza su questa terra l'umanità condivisa, la vivacità culturale, la costante tensione al miglioramento e la responsabilità morale slegata da ricompense e punizioni ultraterrene. Una visione tanto illuminante quanto caleidoscopica, che per secoli ha ispirato le persone a compiere le proprie scelte in base ai principi del libero pensiero, dell'indagine intellettuale e di una visione ottimistica della nostra natura. È umanista chi crede nelle potenzialità di fondo dell'uomo; chi preferisce fare a meno dei dogmi religiosi, senza per questo rinunciare a una vita etica e responsabile; chi sceglie di dedicarsi alla letteratura e alle scienze umane; chi, semplicemente, è convinto che le singole esistenze degli uomini siano più importanti, e interessanti, di qualsiasi ideologia o visione politica. Con lo spiccato sense of humour e l'affascinante erudizione che hanno già conquistato i lettori dei suoi saggi precedenti, Sarah Bakewell ci guida a ripercorrere le tappe di un'incredibile avventura intellettuale; ci presenta scrittori, filosofi, artisti e scienziati che hanno creduto nella razionalità, nell'indagine critica del reale, nel rispetto per i propri simili. Dagli umanisti «storici» come Petrarca e Boccaccio agli attivisti del nostro tempo, da Erasmo a Voltaire, da Christine de Pizan a Bertrand Russell, l'autrice ci accompagna a scoprire un'ininterrotta linea di pensiero che giunge fino a noi. Una grande storia di idee spesso bollate come pericolose e sovversive, e di scontri mortali con ogni sorta di scettici, fanatici, mistici, tiranni. E, con il suo entusiasmo contagioso per la visione «umanistica» del mondo e della storia, Bakewell proietta una luce di speranza anche sull'avvenire. Ricordandoci che, in fin dei conti, siamo tutti soltanto umani.