Hanya Yanagihara

From the author of the classic A Little Life, a bold, brilliant novel spanning three centuries and three different versions of the American experiment, about lovers, family, loss and the elusive promise of utopia. In an alternate version of 1893 America, New York is part of the Free States, where people may live and love whomever they please (or so it seems). The fragile young scion of a distinguished family resists betrothal to a worthy suitor, drawn to a charming music teacher of no means. In a 1993 Manhattan besieged by the AIDS epidemic, a young Hawaiian man lives with his much older, wealthier partner, hiding his troubled childhood and the fate of his father. And in 2093, in a world riven by plagues and governed by totalitarian rule, a powerful scientist’s damaged granddaughter tries to navigate life without him—and solve the mystery of her husband’s disappearances. These three sections are joined in an enthralling and ingenious symphony, as recurring notes and themes deepen and enrich one another: A townhouse in Washington Square Park in Greenwich Village; illness, and treatments that come at a terrible cost; wealth and squalor; the weak and the strong; race; the definition of family, and of nationhood; the dangerous righteousness of the powerful, and of revolutionaries; the longing to find a place in an earthly paradise, and the gradual realization that it can’t exist. What unites not just the characters, but these Americas, are their reckonings with the qualities that make us human: Fear. Love. Shame. Need. Loneliness. To Paradise is a fin de siècle novel of marvellous literary effect, but above all it is a work of emotional genius. The great power of this remarkable novel is driven by Yanagihara’s understanding of the aching desire to protect those we love – partners, lovers, children, friends, family and even our fellow citizens – and the pain that ensues when we cannot.

In 1950, a young doctor called Norton Perina signs on with the anthropologist Paul Tallent for an expedition to the remote Micronesian island of Ivu'ivu in search of a rumored lost tribe. They succeed, finding not only that tribe but also a group of forest dwellers they dub "The Dreamers," who turn out to be fantastically long-lived but progressively more senile. Perina suspects the source of their longevity is a hard-to-find turtle; unable to resist the possibility of eternal life, he kills one and smuggles some meat back to the States. He scientifically proves his thesis, earning worldwide fame and the Nobel Prize, but he soon discovers that its miraculous property comes at a terrible price. As things quickly spiral out of his control, his own demons take hold, with devastating personal consequences.

L’uscita di questo imponente romanzo ha suscitato un sentimento quasi unanime di stupore. Il repertorio dei commenti descrive nella maggior parte dei casi una qualità particolare del libro, ossia la capacità di far scaturire una passione trascinante per i suoi personaggi e la loro storia, di far trascorrere il tempo come fosse in accelerazione, di donare la sensazione, ormai desueta, che la lettura di un romanzo possa impadronirsi delle nostre vite. «Non capita spesso di leggere un romanzo di queste dimensioni e di pensare “vorrei che fosse più lungo”» (Times); «Totalmente coinvolgente, meravigliosamente romantico, a volte straziante, mi ha tenuto sveglio fino a tarda notte, una sera dopo l’altra» (Edmund White). Sembrano considerazioni ingenue, o furbescamente commerciali, ma le fonti di certo non lo sono. Si potrebbe dire che il romanzo di Hanya Yanagihara è una favola, e ciò spiegherebbe alcune delle reazioni che ha provocato. Una grande favola contemporanea, a tratti di malinconica dolcezza, spesso crudele ed efferata. In una New York fervida e sontuosa vivono quattro ragazzi, ex compagni di college, che da sempre sono stati vicini l’uno all’altro. Si sono trasferiti nella metropoli da una cittadina del New England, e all’inizio sono sostenuti solo dalla loro amicizia e dall’ambizione. Willem, dall’animo gentile, vuole fare l’attore. JB, scaltro e a volte crudele, insegue un accesso al mondo dell’arte. Malcolm è un architetto frustrato in uno studio prestigioso. Jude, avvocato brillante e di enigmatica riservatezza, è il loro centro di gravità. Nei suoi riguardi l’affetto e la solidarietà prendono una piega differente, per lui i ragazzi hanno una cura particolare, una sensibilità speciale e tormentata, perché la sua vita sempre oscilla tra la luce del riscatto e il baratro dell’autodistruzione. Intorno a Jude, al suo passato, alla sua lotta per conquistarsi un futuro, si plasmano campi di forze e tensioni, lealtà e tradimenti, sogni e disperazione. E la sua storia diventa una disamina, magnifica e perturbante, della crudeltà umana e del potere taumaturgico dell’amicizia. Come accade di rado, da una inconsueta immaginazione narrativa si è distillato un oggetto singolare: un romanzo classico e al tempo stesso modernissimo, capace di creare un mondo di profonda, coinvolgente umanità.

When four classmates from a small Massachusetts college move to New York to make their way, they're broke, adrift, and buoyed only by their friendship and ambition. There is kind, handsome Willem, an aspiring actor; JB, a quick-witted, sometimes cruel Brooklyn-born painter seeking entry to the art world; Malcolm, a frustrated architect at a prominent firm; and withdrawn, brilliant, enigmatic Jude, who serves as their center of gravity. Over the decades, their relationships deepen and darken, tinged by addiction, success, and pride. Yet their greatest challenge, each comes to realize, is Jude himself, by midlife a terrifyingly talented litigator yet an increasingly broken man, his mind and body scarred by an unspeakable childhood, and haunted by what he fears is a degree of trauma that he’ll not only be unable to overcome—but that will define his life forever.

Este é um dos mais espantosos, desafiadores, perturbadores e profundamente comoventes romances publicados nas últimas décadas: um épico sobre o amor e a amizade no século xxi, que visita alguns dos lugares mais assustadores onde a ficção já se aventurou; um livro que, desafiando explicações e todas as probabilidades, emerge do lado da luz. Quatro colegas de uma pequena universidade do Massachusetts mudam-se para Nova Iorque para começar a vida adulta. Sem dinheiro e em busca de um caminho, contam apenas com as suas ambições e com a amizade que os une. Bonito e generoso, Willem tenta vingar como ator; nascido em Brooklyn, inteligente e mordaz, por vezes cruel, JB quer afirmar-se como pintor na cena artística de Manhattan; Malcolm é um arquiteto frustrado com o seu trabalho num ateliê de renome; e Jude, brilhante, enigmático e fechado, é o centro de gravidade do grupo. Ao acompanhar os quatro amigos durante décadas, vemos como as suas relações se aprofundam e ensombram, marcadas pela dependência, pelo êxito e pelo orgulho. Porém, o seu grande desafio, compreenderão eles, é Jude, que se torna um advogado temido pelos seus pares, mas que é um homem cada vez mais destroçado, física e psicologicamente marcado por uma infância inimaginável e perseguido por um passado traumático que teme jamais conseguir ultrapassar. Numa escrita resplandecente, magnífica e assombrosa, Hanya Yanagihara compõe um hino trágico e transcendente ao amor fraternal, revela o sofrimento e o desgosto de forma ímpar, e retrata a tirania da memória e dos limites da capacidade humana para resistir.

Σε μια εναλλακτική εκδοχή της Αμερικής του 1893, η Νέα Υόρκη είναι τμήμα των Ελεύθερων Πολιτειών, όπου οι άνθρωποι μπορούν να ζουν και να αγαπούν όπως θέλουν – ή έτσι φαίνεται. Ο εύθραυστος νεαρός γόνος μιας επιφανούς οικογένειας αντιστέκεται στον αρραβώνα του με έναν άξιο μνηστήρα, καθώς ελκύεται από έναν γοητευτικό δάσκαλο χωρίς περιουσία. Το 1993, σ’ ένα Μανχάταν πολιορκημένο από την επιδημία του AIDS, ένας νεαρός Χαβανέζος ζει με τον πολύ μεγαλύτερο και πλουσιότερο σύντροφό του, αποκρύπτοντας την ταραγμένη παιδική του ηλικία και τη μοίρα του πατέρα του. Και το 2093, σε έναν κόσμο που μαστίζεται από τις πανδημίες και κυβερνάται απολυταρχικά, η κατεστραμμένη εγγονή ενός ισχυρού επιστήμονα προσπαθεί να τα βγάλει πέρα χωρίς αυτόν – και να λύσει το μυστήριο των απουσιών του συζύγου της. Αυτά τα τρία μέρη ενώνονται σε μια συναρπαστική και μεγαλοφυή συμφωνία, καθώς επαναλαμβανόμενες νότες και θέματα βαθαίνουν και εμπλουτίζουν το ένα το άλλο: ένα σπίτι στο πάρκο της πλατείας Ουάσινγκτον του Γκρίνουιτς Βίλατζ· η αρρώστια και οι θεραπείες που έχουν φρικτό τίμημα· ο πλούτος και η εξαθλίωση· οι αδύναμοι και οι δυνατοί· η φυλή· ο ορισμός της οικογένειας και της εθνικής ανεξαρτησίας· η επικίνδυνη ηθικολογία των ισχυρών και των επαναστατών· η λαχτάρα για μια θέση σε έναν επίγειο παράδεισο και η σταδιακή συνειδητοποίηση ότι αυτός δεν γίνεται να υπάρξει. Αυτό που ενώνει όχι μόνο τους χαρακτήρες αλλά και αυτές τις Αμερικές είναι η αναμέτρησή τους με τα χαρακτηριστικά που μας κάνουν ανθρώπους: τον φόβο. Την αγάπη. Την ντροπή. Την ανάγκη. Τη μοναξιά. Το Προς τον Παράδεισο είναι ένα θαύμα λογοτεχνικής τεχνικής, πάνω απ’ όλα όμως είναι ένα έργο συναισθηματικής ιδιοφυΐας. Η μεγάλη δύναμη αυτού του ξεχωριστού μυθιστορήματος βρίσκεται στην κατανόηση της Yanagihara για τη βαθιά επιθυμία μας να προστατεύσουμε όσους αγαπάμε –τους συντρόφους μας, τους εραστές μας, τα παιδιά μας, τους φίλους μας, την οικογένειά μας, ακόμα και τους συμπολίτες μας– και τον πόνο που νιώθουμε όταν δεν τα καταφέρνουμε.

Para descubrir... Qué dicen y qué callan los hombres. De dónde viene y dónde va la culpa. Cuánto importa el sexo. A quien podemos llamar amigo. Y finalmente... Qué precio tiene la vida y cuándo deja de tener valor. Para descubrir eso y más, aquí está Tan poca vida, una historia que recorre más de tres décadas de amistad en la vida de cuatro hombres que crecen juntos en Manhattan. Cuatro hombres que tienen que sobrevivir al fracaso y al éxito y que, a lo largo de los años, aprenden a sobreponerse a las crisis económicas, sociales y emocionales. Cuatro hombres que comparten una idea muy peculiar de la intimidad, una manera de estar juntos hecha de pocas palabras y muchos gestos. Cuatro hombres cuya relación la autora utiliza para realizar una minuciosa indagación de los límites de la naturaleza humana.

En una versión alternativa de la América de 1893, Nueva York forma parte de los Estados Libres, donde el matrimonio homosexual está permitido. Un muchacho de familia distinguida se debate entre casarse con un pretendiente elegido por su abuelo o escoger a un profesor de música con pocos recursos de quien está enamorado. En un Manhattan de 1993 asediado por «la enfermedad», un joven hawaiano vive con su pareja, cuya edad e ingresos superan con creces los suyos, y le oculta su infancia problemática y el destino de su padre. Y en 2093, en un mundo asolado por plagas y gobernado por un estado totalitario, un poderoso científico y su familia intentan encontrar las estrategias necesarias para sobrevivir sin perderse unos a otros por el camino. Como en una sinfonía fascinante e ingeniosa, estas tres partes conforman una novela monumental, histórica y distópica en la que el amor parece imposible y, sin embargo, los protagonistas, con sus limitaciones y secretos, se obstinan en buscarlo como único modo de llegar al paraíso.