Cover -- Half-title -- Series information -- Title page -- Copyright information -- Dedication -- Table of contents -- List of Illustrations -- Acknowledgements -- Note on Dates, Weights, Places, and Transliterations -- Introduction -- Monsoon Islam -- Historiography -- Setting: The Land of Pepper -- Period: Shifting Frontiers of Trade and Politics -- Note on Sources -- Outline of the Book -- 1 The Port -- Ports and Networks -- Brides of the Sea: Malabar Ports in Indian Ocean Trade -- Muslim Traders on the Malabar Coast -- The Business of Trade -- Trade, Trust, and Commercial Culture -- The Business of Friendship: Partners and Agents -- Inter-Denominational Partnerships and the Use of Credit Notes -- Merchant Princes of Malabar: Na ̄khuda ̄s and Sha ̄hbandars -- 2 The Mosque -- The Convert King and the Making of a Religious Class -- Malabar's 'Ulama ̄' in the Making of Monsoon Islam -- Monsoon Mosques -- Monsoon Jiha ̄d -- Mosques as Emblems of Religious Conflict -- Inspiring the Faithful to Defend a City of Infidels: Malabar and the Struggle for Jiha ̄d -- Martyrdom as Cultural Ideal of Malabar's Muslims -- Emergence of an Indigenized Malabari 'Ulama ̄' -- 3 The Palace -- Muslims and the Rise of Calicut -- Conversion -- Sons and Daughters: Intermarriage and Conversion -- Caste and Conversion -- Servants of God: Slavery and Conversion -- Muslims within the State -- Muslims against the State -- 4 The Sea -- Commercial Networks: The Pepper Trail -- Malabar's Pepper Trade in the Western Indian Ocean -- Malabar's Pepper Trade in the Eastern Indian Ocean -- Muslim Pepper Networks in the Sixteenth Century -- Religious Networks: Paths of the Scholar and the Sufi -- Ocean of Knowledge: Scholarly Networks -- Saints and Shrines: Sufi Networks -- Political Networks: Patronage across the Indian Ocean -- From Aden with Gold: Rasulid Stipends